11/25/2023 0 Comments Building blocks of proteinsThe Evolutionary Significance of Cytochrome cCytochrome c is an important component of the electron transport chain, a part of cellular respiration, and it is normally found in the cellular organelle, the mitochondrion. Only after these modifications is the protein completely functional. They may undergo cleavage, phosphorylation, or may require the addition of other chemical groups. ![]() These are known as post-translational modifications. After protein synthesis (translation), most proteins are modified. While the terms polypeptide and protein are sometimes used interchangeably, a polypeptide is technically a polymer of amino acids, whereas the term protein is used for a polypeptide or polypeptides that have combined together, often have bound non-peptide prosthetic groups, have a distinct shape, and have a unique function. This end is called the N terminal, or the amino terminal, and the other end has a free carboxyl group, also known as the C or carboxyl terminal. Each polypeptide has a free amino group at one end. As more amino acids join to this growing chain, the resulting chain is known as a polypeptide. The products formed by such linkages are called peptides. In the process, a molecule of water is released. ![]() The carboxyl group of one amino acid is linked to the amino group of the incoming amino acid. \): Peptide bond formation is a dehydration synthesis reaction.
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